org.unitils.thirdparty.org.apache.commons.io
Class IOUtils

java.lang.Object
  extended by org.unitils.thirdparty.org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils

public class IOUtils
extends Object

General IO stream manipulation utilities.

This class provides static utility methods for input/output operations.

The byte-to-char methods and char-to-byte methods involve a conversion step. Two methods are provided in each case, one that uses the platform default encoding and the other which allows you to specify an encoding. You are encouraged to always specify an encoding because relying on the platform default can lead to unexpected results, for example when moving from development to production.

All the methods in this class that read a stream are buffered internally. This means that there is no cause to use a BufferedInputStream or BufferedReader. The default buffer size of 4K has been shown to be efficient in tests.

Wherever possible, the methods in this class do not flush or close the stream. This is to avoid making non-portable assumptions about the streams' origin and further use. Thus the caller is still responsible for closing streams after use.

Origin of code: Excalibur.

Version:
$Id: IOUtils.java 385117 2006-03-11 18:07:02Z scolebourne $
Author:
Peter Donald, Jeff Turner, Matthew Hawthorne, Stephen Colebourne, Gareth Davis, Ian Springer, Niall Pemberton, Sandy McArthur

Field Summary
static char DIR_SEPARATOR
          The system directory separator character.
static char DIR_SEPARATOR_UNIX
          The Unix directory separator character.
static char DIR_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS
          The Windows directory separator character.
static String LINE_SEPARATOR
          The system line separator string.
static String LINE_SEPARATOR_UNIX
          The Unix line separator string.
static String LINE_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS
          The Windows line separator string.
 
Constructor Summary
IOUtils()
          Instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
 
Method Summary
static void closeQuietly(InputStream input)
          Unconditionally close an InputStream.
static void closeQuietly(OutputStream output)
          Unconditionally close an OutputStream.
static void closeQuietly(Reader input)
          Unconditionally close an Reader.
static void closeQuietly(Writer output)
          Unconditionally close a Writer.
static boolean contentEquals(InputStream input1, InputStream input2)
          Compare the contents of two Streams to determine if they are equal or not.
static boolean contentEquals(Reader input1, Reader input2)
          Compare the contents of two Readers to determine if they are equal or not.
static int copy(InputStream input, OutputStream output)
          Copy bytes from an InputStream to an OutputStream.
static void copy(InputStream input, Writer output)
          Copy bytes from an InputStream to chars on a Writer using the default character encoding of the platform.
static void copy(InputStream input, Writer output, String encoding)
          Copy bytes from an InputStream to chars on a Writer using the specified character encoding.
static void copy(Reader input, OutputStream output)
          Copy chars from a Reader to bytes on an OutputStream using the default character encoding of the platform, and calling flush.
static void copy(Reader input, OutputStream output, String encoding)
          Copy chars from a Reader to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding, and calling flush.
static int copy(Reader input, Writer output)
          Copy chars from a Reader to a Writer.
static List readLines(InputStream input)
          Get the contents of an InputStream as a list of Strings, one entry per line, using the default character encoding of the platform.
static List readLines(InputStream input, String encoding)
          Get the contents of an InputStream as a list of Strings, one entry per line, using the specified character encoding.
static List readLines(Reader input)
          Get the contents of a Reader as a list of Strings, one entry per line.
static byte[] toByteArray(String input)
          Deprecated. Use String.getBytes()
static char[] toCharArray(InputStream is)
          Get the contents of an InputStream as a character array using the default character encoding of the platform.
static char[] toCharArray(InputStream is, String encoding)
          Get the contents of an InputStream as a character array using the specified character encoding.
static char[] toCharArray(Reader input)
          Get the contents of a Reader as a character array.
static InputStream toInputStream(String input)
          Convert the specified string to an input stream, encoded as bytes using the default character encoding of the platform.
static InputStream toInputStream(String input, String encoding)
          Convert the specified string to an input stream, encoded as bytes using the specified character encoding.
static String toString(byte[] input)
          Deprecated. Use String.String(byte[])
static String toString(byte[] input, String encoding)
          Deprecated. Use String.String(byte[],String)
static String toString(InputStream input)
          Get the contents of an InputStream as a String using the default character encoding of the platform.
static String toString(InputStream input, String encoding)
          Get the contents of an InputStream as a String using the specified character encoding.
static String toString(Reader input)
          Get the contents of a Reader as a String.
static void write(byte[] data, OutputStream output)
          Writes bytes from a byte[] to an OutputStream.
static void write(byte[] data, Writer output)
          Writes bytes from a byte[] to chars on a Writer using the default character encoding of the platform.
static void write(byte[] data, Writer output, String encoding)
          Writes bytes from a byte[] to chars on a Writer using the specified character encoding.
static void write(char[] data, OutputStream output)
          Writes chars from a char[] to bytes on an OutputStream.
static void write(char[] data, OutputStream output, String encoding)
          Writes chars from a char[] to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
static void write(char[] data, Writer output)
          Writes chars from a char[] to a Writer using the default character encoding of the platform.
static void write(StringBuffer data, OutputStream output)
          Writes chars from a StringBuffer to bytes on an OutputStream using the default character encoding of the platform.
static void write(StringBuffer data, OutputStream output, String encoding)
          Writes chars from a StringBuffer to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
static void write(StringBuffer data, Writer output)
          Writes chars from a StringBuffer to a Writer.
static void write(String data, OutputStream output)
          Writes chars from a String to bytes on an OutputStream using the default character encoding of the platform.
static void write(String data, OutputStream output, String encoding)
          Writes chars from a String to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
static void write(String data, Writer output)
          Writes chars from a String to a Writer.
static void writeLines(Collection lines, String lineEnding, OutputStream output)
          Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to an OutputStream line by line, using the default character encoding of the platform and the specified line ending.
static void writeLines(Collection lines, String lineEnding, OutputStream output, String encoding)
          Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to an OutputStream line by line, using the specified character encoding and the specified line ending.
static void writeLines(Collection lines, String lineEnding, Writer writer)
          Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to a Writer line by line, using the specified line ending.
 
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
 

Field Detail

DIR_SEPARATOR_UNIX

public static final char DIR_SEPARATOR_UNIX
The Unix directory separator character.

See Also:
Constant Field Values

DIR_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS

public static final char DIR_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS
The Windows directory separator character.

See Also:
Constant Field Values

DIR_SEPARATOR

public static final char DIR_SEPARATOR
The system directory separator character.


LINE_SEPARATOR_UNIX

public static final String LINE_SEPARATOR_UNIX
The Unix line separator string.

See Also:
Constant Field Values

LINE_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS

public static final String LINE_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS
The Windows line separator string.

See Also:
Constant Field Values

LINE_SEPARATOR

public static final String LINE_SEPARATOR
The system line separator string.

Constructor Detail

IOUtils

public IOUtils()
Instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.

Method Detail

closeQuietly

public static void closeQuietly(Reader input)
Unconditionally close an Reader.

Equivalent to Reader.close(), except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in finally blocks.

Parameters:
input - the Reader to close, may be null or already closed

closeQuietly

public static void closeQuietly(Writer output)
Unconditionally close a Writer.

Equivalent to Writer.close(), except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in finally blocks.

Parameters:
output - the Writer to close, may be null or already closed

closeQuietly

public static void closeQuietly(InputStream input)
Unconditionally close an InputStream.

Equivalent to InputStream.close(), except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in finally blocks.

Parameters:
input - the InputStream to close, may be null or already closed

closeQuietly

public static void closeQuietly(OutputStream output)
Unconditionally close an OutputStream.

Equivalent to OutputStream.close(), except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in finally blocks.

Parameters:
output - the OutputStream to close, may be null or already closed

toByteArray

public static byte[] toByteArray(String input)
                          throws IOException
Deprecated. Use String.getBytes()

Get the contents of a String as a byte[] using the default character encoding of the platform.

This is the same as String.getBytes().

Parameters:
input - the String to convert
Returns:
the requested byte array
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs (never occurs)

toCharArray

public static char[] toCharArray(InputStream is)
                          throws IOException
Get the contents of an InputStream as a character array using the default character encoding of the platform.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.

Parameters:
is - the InputStream to read from
Returns:
the requested character array
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

toCharArray

public static char[] toCharArray(InputStream is,
                                 String encoding)
                          throws IOException
Get the contents of an InputStream as a character array using the specified character encoding.

Character encoding names can be found at IANA.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.

Parameters:
is - the InputStream to read from
encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Returns:
the requested character array
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

toCharArray

public static char[] toCharArray(Reader input)
                          throws IOException
Get the contents of a Reader as a character array.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.

Parameters:
input - the Reader to read from
Returns:
the requested character array
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

toString

public static String toString(InputStream input)
                       throws IOException
Get the contents of an InputStream as a String using the default character encoding of the platform.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.

Parameters:
input - the InputStream to read from
Returns:
the requested String
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs

toString

public static String toString(InputStream input,
                              String encoding)
                       throws IOException
Get the contents of an InputStream as a String using the specified character encoding.

Character encoding names can be found at IANA.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.

Parameters:
input - the InputStream to read from
encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Returns:
the requested String
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs

toString

public static String toString(Reader input)
                       throws IOException
Get the contents of a Reader as a String.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.

Parameters:
input - the Reader to read from
Returns:
the requested String
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs

toString

public static String toString(byte[] input)
                       throws IOException
Deprecated. Use String.String(byte[])

Get the contents of a byte[] as a String using the default character encoding of the platform.

Parameters:
input - the byte array to read from
Returns:
the requested String
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs (never occurs)

toString

public static String toString(byte[] input,
                              String encoding)
                       throws IOException
Deprecated. Use String.String(byte[],String)

Get the contents of a byte[] as a String using the specified character encoding.

Character encoding names can be found at IANA.

Parameters:
input - the byte array to read from
encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Returns:
the requested String
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs (never occurs)

readLines

public static List readLines(InputStream input)
                      throws IOException
Get the contents of an InputStream as a list of Strings, one entry per line, using the default character encoding of the platform.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.

Parameters:
input - the InputStream to read from, not null
Returns:
the list of Strings, never null
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

readLines

public static List readLines(InputStream input,
                             String encoding)
                      throws IOException
Get the contents of an InputStream as a list of Strings, one entry per line, using the specified character encoding.

Character encoding names can be found at IANA.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.

Parameters:
input - the InputStream to read from, not null
encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Returns:
the list of Strings, never null
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

readLines

public static List readLines(Reader input)
                      throws IOException
Get the contents of a Reader as a list of Strings, one entry per line.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.

Parameters:
input - the Reader to read from, not null
Returns:
the list of Strings, never null
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

toInputStream

public static InputStream toInputStream(String input)
Convert the specified string to an input stream, encoded as bytes using the default character encoding of the platform.

Parameters:
input - the string to convert
Returns:
an input stream
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

toInputStream

public static InputStream toInputStream(String input,
                                        String encoding)
                                 throws IOException
Convert the specified string to an input stream, encoded as bytes using the specified character encoding.

Character encoding names can be found at IANA.

Parameters:
input - the string to convert
encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Returns:
an input stream
Throws:
IOException - if the encoding is invalid
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

write

public static void write(byte[] data,
                         OutputStream output)
                  throws IOException
Writes bytes from a byte[] to an OutputStream.

Parameters:
data - the byte array to write, do not modify during output, null ignored
output - the OutputStream to write to
Throws:
NullPointerException - if output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

write

public static void write(byte[] data,
                         Writer output)
                  throws IOException
Writes bytes from a byte[] to chars on a Writer using the default character encoding of the platform.

This method uses String.String(byte[]).

Parameters:
data - the byte array to write, do not modify during output, null ignored
output - the Writer to write to
Throws:
NullPointerException - if output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

write

public static void write(byte[] data,
                         Writer output,
                         String encoding)
                  throws IOException
Writes bytes from a byte[] to chars on a Writer using the specified character encoding.

Character encoding names can be found at IANA.

This method uses String.String(byte[], String).

Parameters:
data - the byte array to write, do not modify during output, null ignored
output - the Writer to write to
encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Throws:
NullPointerException - if output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

write

public static void write(char[] data,
                         Writer output)
                  throws IOException
Writes chars from a char[] to a Writer using the default character encoding of the platform.

Parameters:
data - the char array to write, do not modify during output, null ignored
output - the Writer to write to
Throws:
NullPointerException - if output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

write

public static void write(char[] data,
                         OutputStream output)
                  throws IOException
Writes chars from a char[] to bytes on an OutputStream.

This method uses String.String(char[]) and String.getBytes().

Parameters:
data - the char array to write, do not modify during output, null ignored
output - the OutputStream to write to
Throws:
NullPointerException - if output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

write

public static void write(char[] data,
                         OutputStream output,
                         String encoding)
                  throws IOException
Writes chars from a char[] to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding.

Character encoding names can be found at IANA.

This method uses String.String(char[]) and String.getBytes(String).

Parameters:
data - the char array to write, do not modify during output, null ignored
output - the OutputStream to write to
encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Throws:
NullPointerException - if output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

write

public static void write(String data,
                         Writer output)
                  throws IOException
Writes chars from a String to a Writer.

Parameters:
data - the String to write, null ignored
output - the Writer to write to
Throws:
NullPointerException - if output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

write

public static void write(String data,
                         OutputStream output)
                  throws IOException
Writes chars from a String to bytes on an OutputStream using the default character encoding of the platform.

This method uses String.getBytes().

Parameters:
data - the String to write, null ignored
output - the OutputStream to write to
Throws:
NullPointerException - if output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

write

public static void write(String data,
                         OutputStream output,
                         String encoding)
                  throws IOException
Writes chars from a String to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding.

Character encoding names can be found at IANA.

This method uses String.getBytes(String).

Parameters:
data - the String to write, null ignored
output - the OutputStream to write to
encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Throws:
NullPointerException - if output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

write

public static void write(StringBuffer data,
                         Writer output)
                  throws IOException
Writes chars from a StringBuffer to a Writer.

Parameters:
data - the StringBuffer to write, null ignored
output - the Writer to write to
Throws:
NullPointerException - if output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

write

public static void write(StringBuffer data,
                         OutputStream output)
                  throws IOException
Writes chars from a StringBuffer to bytes on an OutputStream using the default character encoding of the platform.

This method uses String.getBytes().

Parameters:
data - the StringBuffer to write, null ignored
output - the OutputStream to write to
Throws:
NullPointerException - if output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

write

public static void write(StringBuffer data,
                         OutputStream output,
                         String encoding)
                  throws IOException
Writes chars from a StringBuffer to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding.

Character encoding names can be found at IANA.

This method uses String.getBytes(String).

Parameters:
data - the StringBuffer to write, null ignored
output - the OutputStream to write to
encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Throws:
NullPointerException - if output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

writeLines

public static void writeLines(Collection lines,
                              String lineEnding,
                              OutputStream output)
                       throws IOException
Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to an OutputStream line by line, using the default character encoding of the platform and the specified line ending.

Parameters:
lines - the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
lineEnding - the line separator to use, null is system default
output - the OutputStream to write to, not null, not closed
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

writeLines

public static void writeLines(Collection lines,
                              String lineEnding,
                              OutputStream output,
                              String encoding)
                       throws IOException
Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to an OutputStream line by line, using the specified character encoding and the specified line ending.

Character encoding names can be found at IANA.

Parameters:
lines - the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
lineEnding - the line separator to use, null is system default
output - the OutputStream to write to, not null, not closed
encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

writeLines

public static void writeLines(Collection lines,
                              String lineEnding,
                              Writer writer)
                       throws IOException
Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to a Writer line by line, using the specified line ending.

Parameters:
lines - the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
lineEnding - the line separator to use, null is system default
writer - the Writer to write to, not null, not closed
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

copy

public static int copy(InputStream input,
                       OutputStream output)
                throws IOException
Copy bytes from an InputStream to an OutputStream.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.

Parameters:
input - the InputStream to read from
output - the OutputStream to write to
Returns:
the number of bytes copied
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

copy

public static void copy(InputStream input,
                        Writer output)
                 throws IOException
Copy bytes from an InputStream to chars on a Writer using the default character encoding of the platform.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.

This method uses InputStreamReader.

Parameters:
input - the InputStream to read from
output - the Writer to write to
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

copy

public static void copy(InputStream input,
                        Writer output,
                        String encoding)
                 throws IOException
Copy bytes from an InputStream to chars on a Writer using the specified character encoding.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.

Character encoding names can be found at IANA.

This method uses InputStreamReader.

Parameters:
input - the InputStream to read from
output - the Writer to write to
encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

copy

public static int copy(Reader input,
                       Writer output)
                throws IOException
Copy chars from a Reader to a Writer.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.

Parameters:
input - the Reader to read from
output - the Writer to write to
Returns:
the number of characters copied
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

copy

public static void copy(Reader input,
                        OutputStream output)
                 throws IOException
Copy chars from a Reader to bytes on an OutputStream using the default character encoding of the platform, and calling flush.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.

Due to the implementation of OutputStreamWriter, this method performs a flush.

This method uses OutputStreamWriter.

Parameters:
input - the Reader to read from
output - the OutputStream to write to
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

copy

public static void copy(Reader input,
                        OutputStream output,
                        String encoding)
                 throws IOException
Copy chars from a Reader to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding, and calling flush.

This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.

Character encoding names can be found at IANA.

Due to the implementation of OutputStreamWriter, this method performs a flush.

This method uses OutputStreamWriter.

Parameters:
input - the Reader to read from
output - the OutputStream to write to
encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Throws:
NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1

contentEquals

public static boolean contentEquals(InputStream input1,
                                    InputStream input2)
                             throws IOException
Compare the contents of two Streams to determine if they are equal or not.

This method buffers the input internally using BufferedInputStream if they are not already buffered.

Parameters:
input1 - the first stream
input2 - the second stream
Returns:
true if the content of the streams are equal or they both don't exist, false otherwise
Throws:
NullPointerException - if either input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs

contentEquals

public static boolean contentEquals(Reader input1,
                                    Reader input2)
                             throws IOException
Compare the contents of two Readers to determine if they are equal or not.

This method buffers the input internally using BufferedReader if they are not already buffered.

Parameters:
input1 - the first reader
input2 - the second reader
Returns:
true if the content of the readers are equal or they both don't exist, false otherwise
Throws:
NullPointerException - if either input is null
IOException - if an I/O error occurs
Since:
Commons IO 1.1


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